1688:
January – June
March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island.
Spring – James VII & II orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged.
18 April (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker
Protest Against Slavery is drafted by 4 Germantown Quakers.
29 April – Death of Friedrich Wilhelm, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia. Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia as Friedrich I.
10 June – The birth of King James' heir, James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766; later to become known as the "Old Pretender") increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty. The fears are confirmed when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith.
30 June – A high-powered
Conspiracy of notables (the
Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England" and depose King James VII and II.
[edit] July – December
July – Phetracha stages a coup d'état and becomes king of Ayutthaya.
October 27 – King James II of England fires minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.
5 November – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay with a multinational force of 15,000 mercenaries. He makes no claim to the English Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism, and begins a march on London.
9 November – William of Orange captures Exeter after the magistrates flee the city.
23 November – A group of 1,500
Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture when troops of the tsar lay siege to their
Monastery on Lake Onega.
26 November – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England,
Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands. Perhaps revealingly, he does not
Attack the Netherlands but instead strikes at the
Heart of the Holy Roman
Empire with about 100,000 soldiers. The
Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America.
11 December – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II is forced to flee to France. The so-called "Glorious Revolution" is a bloodless success.
[edit] Undated
Edward Lloyd opens the
London coffee house that soon becomes a popular meeting place for shipowners, merchants, insurance brokers and underwriters. In time the business association they form will outgrow the coffee house premises and become Lloyd's of London.
Fall of Belgrade to the Austrians as
The Ottoman Empire continues to lose ground in Europe.
Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.
Fire destroys Bungay in England.
The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna.
Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House.
Janez Vajkard Valvasor becomes a member of the Royal Society.
The Austrians incite a
Rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.
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